DEVELOPMENT OF VACCINES AGAINST EMERGING INFECTIOUS DISEASES: CHALLENGES AND FUTURE PERSPECTIVES

Abstract

The development of vaccines against emerging infectious diseases is a crucial field for global health, especially in a context of increasing human mobility and environmental changes that favor the spread of pathogens. This integrative review analyzes the challenges and future perspectives in vaccine development, covering technological, logistical, ethical and regulatory aspects. Technological innovations stand out, such as mRNA vaccines and viral vectors, which have shown great potential during the COVID-19 pandemic. The importance of equitable and efficient distribution of vaccines is addressed, particularly in regions with limited health infrastructure, emphasizing the need for international partnerships and advanced logistics technologies. Ethical and regulatory considerations are discussed, highlighting the need to balance speed of vaccine approval with ensuring safety and efficacy. Finally, future perspectives are explored, including the role of emerging technologies and global initiatives in preparing for future pandemics. It is concluded that international collaboration and continued commitment to innovation are essential to address multifaceted challenges and ensure an effective response to new public health emergencies.