THE IMPORTANCE OF EARLY DETECTION OF CERVICAL CANCER: SCREENING AND DIAGNOSIS STRATEGIES

Abstract

Cervical cancer is one of the leading causes of cancer-related mortality in women, especially in developing countries. Early detection plays a key role in reducing the incidence and mortality associated with this disease. In this review, we investigate screening and diagnostic strategies for cervical cancer. The Papanicolaou (Pap) test has been a central tool in screening, demonstrating effectiveness in the early detection of precursor lesions. However, challenges such as sample quality and screening adherence persist. The integration of DNA testing for HPV has been shown to increase the sensitivity of screening, allowing for earlier identification of cervical lesions. Colposcopy, followed by biopsy when indicated, plays a key role in confirming cervical lesions identified in screening tests. However, accessibility to health services and patient adherence are still important challenges. It is essential to implement public health policies that increase the coverage and accessibility of screening programs, as well as educational initiatives to promote awareness about the importance of early detection of cervical cancer. These measures are essential to reducing the burden of this disease and saving lives.