RESISTANCE TRAINING AND SARCOPENIA PREVENTION IN OLDER ADULTS: AN INTEGRATIVE LITERATURE REVIEW

Abstract

Population aging has increased the relevance of strategies capable of preserving autonomy, mobility and quality of life in older adults. Among age-related changes, sarcopenia stands out due to the progressive decline in muscle strength, muscle mass and physical performance, increasing the risk of falls, frailty, functional dependence, hospitalization and impaired quality of life. This study aimed to analyze the effects of resistance training on the prevention and management of sarcopenia in older adults, considering muscle strength, lean mass, functional capacity, fall risk and quality of life. This is an integrative literature review with a qualitative and descriptive-analytical approach. The bibliographic search was conducted in PubMed, SciELO, LILACS and the Virtual Health Library, complemented by guidelines and institutional documents relevant to the topic. Studies, systematic reviews, meta-analyses, consensus statements and guidelines published mainly between 2019 and 2026 were considered, with earlier documents included when considered fundamental. The evidence indicates that resistance training mainly improves muscle strength and functional performance in older adults, especially when performed progressively, under supervision and adapted to clinical conditions, functional level and individual tolerance. The findings also suggest that combined programs involving resistance exercises, balance, aerobic capacity and nutritional support may produce broader benefits for functionality and quality of life. It is concluded that resistance training should be understood as a central strategy for promoting older adults' health and preventing sarcopenia, especially when integrated into multiprofessional care and adequate nutritional guidance.