PREVENCIÓN DE ENFERMEDADES CRÓNICAS MEDIANTE MICROBIOTA INTESTINAL

Resumen

The intestinal microbiota, a complex ecosystem of trillions of microorganisms, plays a crucial role in the host's homeostasis and health by influencing digestion, vitamin synthesis, and immune modulation. Historical studies and technological advancements have allowed for a deeper understanding of its functions, highlighting its importance in preventing chronic diseases such as type 2 diabetes, obesity, and cardiovascular diseases. Dysbiosis, or the imbalance in microbial composition, is associated with various pathologies, underscoring the need for interventions to maintain eubiosis. This study aimed to investigate and consolidate scientific evidence on the role of the intestinal microbiota in preventing non-communicable chronic diseases through a systematic literature review, following PRISMA criteria and consulting renowned databases. The analysis revealed that the intestinal microbiota performs essential functions in maintaining human health, including nutrient degradation, vitamin synthesis, and immune modulation. Therapeutic interventions with probiotics, prebiotics, and synbiotics have proven effective in beneficially modulating the microbiota. Public health strategies focused on microbiota modulation and the promotion of healthy eating habits can offer significant benefits, including sustainable agricultural practices and diets with a lower environmental impact.