GLP-1 RECEPTOR AGONISTS: APPLICATIONS IN METABOLIC AND CARDIOVASCULAR DISEASES

Abstract

Introduction: Type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM) and obesity represent major public health challenges due to their high prevalence and association with cardiovascular complications. In this context, glucagon-like peptide-1 receptor agonists (GLP-1 RAs) have been used as a therapeutic option because of their effects on glycemic control, body weight reduction, and cardiovascular outcomes. Objective: To analyze the scientific evidence regarding the efficacy and safety of GLP-1 receptor agonists in the management of T2DM and obesity, considering their metabolic, weight-related, and cardiovascular effects. Methodology: This study consists of an integrative literature review conducted from July to November 2025 through searches in the Virtual Health Library (VHL), with access to the PubMed database. Descriptors related to GLP-1 receptor agonists, metabolic diseases, and cardiovascular diseases were combined using the Boolean operator AND. Studies published between 2020 and 2025, in Portuguese, English, or Spanish, available in full text and related to the research topic, were included. After applying the inclusion and exclusion criteria, 15 studies were selected for analysis. Results: The identified evidence indicates that GLP-1 RAs contribute to improved glycemic control, body weight reduction, and a decreased risk of certain cardiovascular events, particularly in patients with T2DM and high cardiovascular risk. Benefits related to renal protection and effects on mechanisms involved in inflammation and oxidative stress were also identified. However, the occurrence of gastrointestinal adverse effects and differences among medications highlight the need for individualized assessment. Final considerations: GLP-1 receptor agonists represent a relevant therapeutic option for the integrated management of T2DM and obesity, with benefits extending beyond glycemic control. Their use should consider patients' clinical characteristics, safety, and the specific evidence supporting each medication.