COMPLICATIONS ASSOCIATED WITH THE USE OF HYALURONIC ACID FILLERS AND BIOSTIMULATORS IN THE OROFACIAL REGION: A LITERATURE REVIEW

Abstract

Orofacial harmonization uses hyaluronic acid fillers and collagen biostimulators for volume restoration and facial rejuvenation, although these procedures may cause complications of varying severity. This study aimed to investigate complications associated with these substances in the orofacial region, considering clinical characteristics, risk factors, and preventive and therapeutic strategies. A descriptive, qualitative critical literature review was conducted using PubMed, SciELO, LILACS, and CAPES Journals, covering publications from 2020 to 2026 in Portuguese, English, and Spanish. The findings revealed a higher frequency of mild and transient reactions, including pain, edema, erythema, bruising, and tenderness. Vascular, ocular, and neurological complications were less frequent but more severe. Regarding collagen biostimulators, delayed nodule formation was particularly associated with inadequate dilution, distribution, and injection depth. Major risk factors included insufficient anatomical knowledge, inappropriate injection techniques, excessive product volumes, and biosafety deficiencies. Prevention involved clinical assessment, appropriate product selection, and technical expertise. It was concluded that early recognition of complications, combined with appropriate intervention and professional training, was essential to minimize adverse events, prevent permanent damage, and improve patient safety during orofacial harmonization procedures.