HPV VACCINATION AND THE INCIDENCE OF CERVICAL CANCER: AN INTEGRATIVE REVIEW

Abstract

 Introduction: Cervical cancer is a public health issue associated with persistent Human Papillomavirus (HPV) infection, for which vaccination serves as the primary preventive measure. Objectives: To analyze the effectiveness of HPV vaccination in preventing infections, precursor lesions, and cervical cancer, and to identify factors associated with vaccine uptake. Rationale: The high morbidity and mortality associated with this disease necessitate evidence to support public policy. Methodology: An integrative review was conducted using the PubMed and SciELO databases, employing MeSH and DeCS descriptors combined with the Boolean operators OR and AND. Systematic reviews published between 2020 and 2025 were included. Out of 639 records evaluated, 16 were selected for the final sample. Results and Discussion: Vaccination has reduced infections caused by HPV types 16 and 18, as well as the incidence of precursor lesions and cervical cancer; the risk of cancer was reduced by up to 80% among women vaccinated by the age of 16. The age at which vaccination occurred was a more significant factor than the number of doses received. In Brazil and Latin America, a lack of knowledge regarding HPV and the vaccine was the primary barrier to uptake. Conclusion: Vaccination is the principal strategy for the prevention of cervical cancer. Its impact depends on achieving high coverage, providing health education, and maintaining screening programs.