RELATIONSHIP BETWEEN SLEEP BRUXISM AND OBSTRUCTIVE SLEEP APNEA IN ADULT PATIENTS

Abstract

Introduction: Sleep bruxism (SB) and obstructive sleep apnea (OSA) are highly prevalent disorders with a significant impact on the orofacial and systemic health of adults. Although often addressed in isolation, evidence points to a complex pathophysiological interrelationship in which SB may act as a compensatory motor mechanism in response to respiratory micro-arousals. Objective: To analyze the relationship between SB and OSA in adult patients, understanding pathophysiological interactions, the role of intraoral appliances, and the professional framework of Sleep Dentistry. Methodology: This is an integrative literature review developed according to the PICO strategy. Searches were conducted in the PubMed, SciELO, LILACS, ScienceDirect, and Google Scholar databases using DeCS/MeSH terms (including "quality of life"). Primary articles published between 2021 and 2026 involving adults with polysomnography-confirmed OSA and clinical/polysomnographic confirmation of SB were selected. Results: The literature confirms that SB episodes frequently follow apnea events in an attempt to open the upper airway. The use of conventional occlusal splints without prior OSA screening may induce mandibular retropulsion and worsen the Apnea-Hypopnea Index (AHI). Conversely, Mandibular Advancement Appliances (MAA) stand out as an effective intervention for mild to moderate OSA or in cases of CPAP intolerance. Its management requires professional monitoring to prevent occlusal and articular changes. According to the Federal Council of Dentistry (CFO), Sleep Dentistry is recognized as an Area of Practice linked to specialties such as TMD/Orofacial Pain and Orthodontics. Conclusion: There is a close relationship between SB and OSA. Accurate diagnosis and interdisciplinary performance by the dental surgeon are essential for the judicious prescription of intraoral appliances and the preservation of the patient's overall health.