MANAGEMENT OF THE MAIN CARDIOVASCULAR RISK FACTORS IN OLDER ADULTS FOLLOWED IN PRIMARY HEALTH CARE: AN INTEGRATIVE LITERATURE REVIEW

Abstract

Objective: To analyze scientific evidence regarding the management of major cardiovascular risk factors (CVRFs) in older adults receiving Primary Health Care (PHC), highlighting control strategies and barriers to comprehensive care. Methodology: This is an integrative literature review structured using the PECO framework. A search was conducted in April 2026 across the PubMed, LILACS, and SciELO databases, covering scientific literature from the last ten years. Selection involved two independent reviewers, and evidence quality was assessed using tools such as the Newcastle-Ottawa Scale. Results: A high burden of CVRFs was observed; systemic arterial hypertension (SAH) affected 70% of older adults and dyslipidemia 35%, creating a synergy that increases the risk of severe events such as acute myocardial infarction. Regarding pharmacological management, a 38% prevalence of polypharmacy was identified, with Potentially Inappropriate Medications (PIMs) used by up to 39.6% of the sample; family dysfunction was a critical factor in inappropriate prescribing. Concerning non-pharmacological strategies, physical inactivity was nearly universal (98%), although supervised interventions demonstrated efficacy in improving aerobic capacity. Continuity of care—established through a longitudinal relationship exceeding two years—was associated with better therapeutic adherence and reduced hospital costs. Conclusion: Effective management of CVRFs in older adults requires PHC to move beyond the traditional biomedical model in favor of Comprehensive Geriatric Assessment. It is imperative to prioritize functionality and pharmacological safety, mitigating iatrogenic effects through vigilant polypharmacy management and the strengthening of the therapeutic relationship.