COMPARISON OF TRAUMATIC AND ATRAUMATIC TECHNIQUES FOR MAXILLARY SINUS FLOOR ELEVATION

Abstract

This study aims to perform a literature review on traumatic and atraumatic techniques for maxillary sinus lift, a fundamental procedure for implant rehabilitation in areas with bone atrophy in the posterior maxilla. For this purpose, 23 articles were selected from major databases, addressing indications, advantages, limitations, and clinical outcomes of these techniques. The traumatic technique, generally performed via the lateral window approach, provides wide visualization and is indicated for cases of severe bone deficiency but carries a higher risk of complications, such as sinus membrane perforation. On the other hand, atraumatic techniques, such as crestal lift with osteotomes and piezosurgery, offer less invasiveness, faster recovery, and lower morbidity, being recommended for moderate bone elevations. The analysis of indications and clinical results in the literature shows that the choice of technique must consider the patient's anatomy, extent of bone atrophy, and surgeon's experience. Therefore, individualized, evidence-based planning is essential to optimize the safety and effectiveness of the procedure, ensuring the success of contemporary implant dentistry.