THE IMPORTANCE OF THE NURSE'S ROLE IN THE PREVENTION OF PREECLAMPSIA AND MATERNAL MORTALITY

Abstract

This study analyzes the influence of preeclampsia on maternal mortality and its incidence among pregnant women. This is a descriptive literature review with a qualitative approach. Data collection was performed on Google Scholar, selecting articles published in Portuguese. The analysis followed the guidelines of Whittemore and Knafl and Webster and Watson to ensure scientific rigor and thematic organization. The results and discussion were structured into three categories, showing that preeclampsia is conditioned by angiogenic imbalance and factors such as advanced maternal age, obesity, and thrombophilia. The findings confirm a causal link with prematurity, intrauterine growth restriction, and future cardiovascular risks. In clinical management, the use of magnesium sulfate as the gold standard and early chemoprophylaxis with acetylsalicylic acid and calcium were ratified. However, the persistence of maternal mortality in Brazil stems from flaws in the implementation of guidelines and regulatory slowness for tertiary care, in addition to alarming racial disparities and structural inequities in the care provided by the Unified Health System. It is concluded that nurses play a strategic role in epidemiological surveillance and early detection of complications through systematic prenatal consultations and continuous health education actions focused on self-care. Strengthening evidence-based nursing practice and addressing critical management bottlenecks are indispensable to ensure equity in obstetric care and reduce adverse maternal-fetal outcomes.