ANALYSIS OF TERRITORIAL CONFLICTS, ILLEGAL MINING, AND THE IMPACTS OF AGRIBUSINESS IN THE LEGAL AMAZON ENVIRONMENTAL LAW AND INDIGENOUS PEOPLES IN RONDÔNIA

Abstract

This scientific article analyzes territorial conflicts involving Indigenous peoples in the state of Rondônia in the face of the expansion of agribusiness, illegal mining, and neo-extractive activities over protected areas in the Legal Amazon. The study adopts a legal, environmental, and territorial approach, seeking to understand the social, environmental, and legal impacts resulting from the expansion of the agricultural frontier, clandestine mining, and land grabbing over Indigenous lands and traditional communities in the Amazon region. The research uses a qualitative approach through bibliographic, documentary, and jurisprudential review, based on the analysis of the 1988 Federal Constitution, environmental legislation, decisions of the Federal Supreme Court, scientific studies, official data, and recent institutional reports on deforestation, illegal mining, and land conflicts in the Amazon. The study demonstrates that the pressure exerted by agribusiness, illegal mining, illegal logging, and irregular appropriation of public lands intensifies deforestation, threatens Amazon biodiversity, weakens Indigenous territorial rights, and deepens the climate and humanitarian crisis in the region. It is concluded that insufficient state action, associated with the strengthening of political discourses favoring the flexibilization of Indigenous territorial protection, directly contributes to the worsening of environmental degradation and the violation of fundamental rights of Indigenous peoples in the Legal Amazon.