THE EFFICACY OF SMARTWATCHES IN ATRIAL FIBRILLATION SCREENING: CLINICAL BENEFITS AND THE RISK OF OVERDIAGNOSIS

Abstract

This article aimed to analyze recent literature on the clinical efficacy of wearable devices (smartwatches) in the screening and early diagnosis of atrial fibrillation in the general population, contrasting the benefits of preventing thromboembolic events with the risks associated with overdiagnosis. The methodology employed consisted of an integrative literature review conducted through the PubMed/MEDLINE, LILACS, and SciELO databases, encompassing randomized clinical trials, systematic reviews, and observational studies published between the years 2021 and 2026. The main results found demonstrate that, although algorithms based on photoplethysmography and single-lead electrocardiograms show high sensitivity in detecting arrhythmias, their indiscriminate use by asymptomatic and low-risk individuals generates false-positive alerts, anxiety, and a substantial increase in unnecessary complementary exams. It is concluded that smartwatches represent an undeniable technological advance for continuous monitoring; however, their integration into clinical practice requires the development of rigorous protocols to mitigate excessive medicalization, and screening should preferably be directed towards populations with an established cardiovascular risk.