VACCINE HESITANCY TOWARD COVID-19 IN CHILDHOOD AND THE ROLE OF THE PEDIATRICIAN: A LITERATURE REVIEW

Abstract

Vaccine hesitancy toward COVID-19 has emerged as a major barrier to the effectiveness of immunization strategies, particularly in the pediatric population. Despite robust evidence supporting the safety and efficacy of COVID-19 vaccines for children, vaccination uptake has been undermined by a complex interplay of factors, including low perceived disease risk, concerns about vaccine safety, widespread misinformation, and weakened institutional trust. In this context, pediatricians play a strategic role that extends beyond vaccine recommendation, acting as trusted intermediaries between scientific evidence and family decision-making. This literature review critically examines the determinants of COVID-19 vaccine hesitancy in children and discusses the pediatrician’s role in addressing parental concerns and fostering vaccine acceptance. The findings highlight that communication strategies grounded in empathy, active listening, and tailored guidance are essential to mitigate hesitancy and strengthen confidence in childhood immunization, ultimately contributing to improved child and public health outcomes.