PREVALENCE OF ACCIDENTAL TETANUS IN BRAZIL BY REGIONS (2015-2024): AN ANALYSIS OF THE EPIDEMIOLOGICAL PROFILE, IMPACT OF IMMUNIZATION, AND DISEASE OUTCOME

Abstract

This article sought to understand and analyze the epidemiological profile of accidental tetanus in Brazil over the last 10 years, in addition to the impact of immunization in this scenario. A cross-sectional, observational, and descriptive study on accidental tetanus in Brazil between 2015 and 2024 was carried out, based on data from SINAN, SI-PNI, and IBGE. Indicators such as sociodemographic profile, case fatality rate, number of cases, and vaccination coverage were analyzed. Between 2015 and 2024, 2,122 cases of accidental tetanus were reported in Brazil. The Northeast Region had the highest concentration of records, followed by the South and Southeast. There was a predominance in males, mainly in adults aged 40 to 59, in addition to a higher occurrence in individuals with low levels of education. The findings reinforce regional inequalities and the vulnerability of socioeconomically disadvantaged groups. Low adherence to vaccine boosters contributes to the loss of immunity acquired in childhood with the first doses, reflecting the predominance of cases in adults. Accidental tetanus remains a public health problem in Brazil, especially in vulnerable regions. The need for continuous vaccination campaigns, active search for the unvaccinated, strengthening of primary care, and qualification of clinical management is highlighted, aiming to reduce morbidity and mortality.