RESISTANCE TRAINING IN PEOPLE WITH LUMBAR DISC HERNIATION: A LITERATURE REVIEW ON PAIN AND FUNCTIONAL OUTCOMES

Abstract

Lumbar disc herniation may be associated with radiating pain and functional limitations, although its presentation and course vary among individuals. This study aimed to analyze the available evidence on resistance training as a conservative treatment for adults with lumbar disc herniation. A qualitative, descriptive literature review was conducted using searches in PubMed, SciELO, the Virtual Health Library, and Google Scholar in April and May 2026. Studies published between 2014 and 2026 in Portuguese, English, or Spanish were considered, according to predefined inclusion criteria. After screening, 16 studies were included in the analysis. The studies suggest that therapeutic exercise programs, including trunk strengthening and stabilization, may help reduce pain and disability in some patients. However, variation in protocols and study populations limits comparisons. The evidence reviewed does not support claims that resistance training is equivalent to surgery or that specific biomechanical mechanisms directly protect affected discs. Exercise prescription and progression should be individualized, taking symptoms, functional capacity, and professional assessment into account. Resistance training may be incorporated into conservative care as a rehabilitation strategy, but it does not replace clinical assessment or other interventions when indicated.