LOW-INTENSITY LASER IN ENDODONTICS

Abstract

Introduction: The anatomical complexity of the root canal system and the presence of refractory polymicrobial biofilms limit the effectiveness of conventional instrumentation and chemical irrigation. In this context, technological advances in low-level laser therapy (LLLT) and antimicrobial Photodynamic Therapy (aPDT) emerge as promising adjunctive resources for disinfection and tissue repair. Objective: To review the scientific literature on the applications of low-level laser therapy in Endodontics, emphasizing equipment advances, control of resistant bacteria in periapical lesions and retreatments, postoperative pain modulation, and bone repair biostimulation. Methodology: An integrative literature review was conducted in PubMed/MEDLINE and BVS databases covering the period from 2021 to 2025. The PICOS strategy was applied for study selection, resulting in a final sample of 8 scientific articles analyzed in full text. Results: aPDT demonstrated high bactericidal efficacy against recalcitrant pathogens (Enterococcus faecalis and Candida albicans) in complex anatomical areas without causing thermal damage to dentin. Photobiomodulation promoted a statistically significant reduction in postoperative pain scores within the first 24 hours, decreasing systemic analgesic consumption, while accelerating periapical osteogenesis and apical stem cell recruitment. Conclusion: Low-level laser therapy represents an effective adjunctive tool in endodontic treatment, optimizing microbiological control in retreatments, attenuating postoperative pain, and accelerating periapical tissue regeneration.