USE OF DIGITAL SCREENS AND THE INCREASED PREVALENCE OF MYOPIA: AN INTEGRATIVE REVIEW

Abstract

This article aimed to analyze the association between prolonged exposure to digital screens and the progression of myopia in children and adolescents, with an emphasis on the behavioral changes observed during and after the COVID-19 pandemic. This is an integrative literature review, conducted through searches in the PubMed and Virtual Health Library (VHL) databases, including studies published between 2015 and 2026. A total of 26 scientific articles were selected, including systematic reviews, meta-analyses, observational studies, prospective studies, and clinical trials, which investigated factors related to the use of electronic devices and refractive errors in the pediatric population. The results demonstrated a consistent association between increased screen time, a reduction in outdoor activities, and a higher prevalence and progression of myopia. It was also observed that remote learning, sedentary behavior, and prolonged stays indoors during the pandemic contributed to intensifying the risk factors related to myopic development. Furthermore, studies highlighted the protective role of exposure to natural light and outdoor activities. It is concluded that excessive digital behavior represents an important modifiable risk factor for children's eye health, reinforcing the need for preventive strategies and educational actions aimed at the conscious use of digital technologies.