CHILDHOOD OBESITY AND PRECOCIOUS PUBERTY: METABOLIC AND ENDOCRINE INTERACTIONS

Abstract

Introduction: Precocious puberty has shown an increasing incidence, especially among girls, while childhood obesity has become a major public health concern. Evidence suggests that excess adiposity may interfere with pubertal development through metabolic and hormonal mechanisms. Objective: To analyze the relationship between childhood obesity and precocious puberty, as well as its short- and long-term repercussions. Method: This is an integrative literature review with a qualitative approach, conducted through searches in PubMed and the Virtual Health Library (VHL), using the descriptors “childhood obesity,” “precocious puberty,” and “children.” Studies published within the last five years, available in full text, and classified as clinical trials or observational studies were included. Results: A consistent association was observed between increased body adiposity and earlier onset of pubertal development, particularly in females. Factors such as elevated body mass index, higher body fat percentage, and prolonged exposure to excess weight increase the risk of precocious puberty. Metabolic alterations, including insulin resistance, increased adipokines, and elevated IGF-1 levels, contribute to the early activation of the hypothalamic-pituitary-gonadal axis. Conclusion: Childhood obesity plays a significant role in the early onset of puberty and adverse metabolic outcomes, highlighting the importance of preventive strategies and early interventions.