PRINTED ORGANS, SAVED LIVES: 3D BIOMEDICINE AS A NEW PATH IN TRANSPLANTS

Abstract

The article aimed to review the scientific advances in 3D bioprinting for the production of functional organs in order to understand the challenges and perspectives as an alternative to conventional transplants. To this end, a narrative literature review was conducted using databases such as PubMed, SciELO, LILACS, Web of Science, and Google Scholar. Published works between 2017 and 2025, in Portuguese and English, were included, excluding abstracts, editorials, and research outside the scope. The literature review showed that 3D bioprinting is emerging as a promising alternative, enabling the creation of personalized tissues and organs, reducing the risk of rejection and expanding therapeutic possibilities. Techniques such as extrusion, inkjet printing, and laser-assisted printing have advanced significantly. Furthermore, bioprinting contributes to pharmacological testing and surgical planning, strengthening regenerative medicine. However, inadequate vascularization remains the main technical obstacle, along with ethical, regulatory, and economic issues that limit its clinical application. In conclusion, despite the challenges, 3D bioprinting offers real prospects for reducing transplant waiting lists and minimizing rejections, representing an innovation with a high impact on public health. Continuous investment in research and public policies is essential to enable its large-scale therapeutic application.