IMMOBILISM SYNDROME IN GERIATRICS: A MULTIDIMENSIONAL CHALLENGE IN ELDERLY HEALTH

Abstract

This narrative literature review aims to review the immobility syndrome with its pathophysiology, contributing factors, population at risk and complications, in addition to addressing the importance of multidimensional assessment and prognosis. The immobility syndrome in geriatrics is a common and complex condition, characterized by loss of mobility in elderly individuals, resulting in multisystem complications, such as muscle atrophy, osteoporosis, deep vein thrombosis, pneumonia and cognitive decline. The pathophysiology involves dysfunctions in the musculoskeletal, cardiovascular, respiratory, gastrointestinal and neurological systems. Intrinsic factors, such as chronic diseases, and extrinsic factors, such as inadequate environment, contribute to immobility. Comprehensive geriatric assessment is essential to identify the causes and direct management. Prevention and treatment require a multidisciplinary approach, including physical therapy, occupational therapy, nutritional support and environmental interventions. Psychological and social support is vital for the emotional and functional well-being of the elderly. Rehabilitation aims to restore functionality and improve quality of life, although the prognosis varies depending on the severity of immobility and the effectiveness of interventions. Patient-centered approaches focused on maintaining autonomy and dignity are essential for the effective management of immobility syndrome in older adults.