ADVANCES IN THE TREATMENT OF RHEUMATOID ARTHRITIS: BIOLOGICAL THERAPIES AND EMERGING THERAPEUTIC TARGETS

Abstract

Rheumatoid arthritis (RA) is a chronic autoimmune disease characterized by persistent inflammation of the joints, resulting in structural damage and disability if not treated appropriately. Significant advances have been made in the treatment of RA with the emergence of biologic therapies that target specific immune system targets, such as TNF-α inhibitors, IL-6 inhibitors, and JAK inhibitors. These therapies have demonstrated efficacy in reducing disease activity and improving symptoms in patients refractory to conventional treatments. In addition, new emerging therapeutic targets, such as IL-23 and IL-17 inhibitors, and costimulation modulating agents, are being investigated as promising alternatives for individuals with inadequate response to existing therapies. This summary covers recent advances in the treatment of RA, discussing the efficacy, safety, and future prospects of established biologic therapies and emerging therapeutic targets, highlighting the continued importance of translational and clinical research in optimizing the management of this debilitating condition.