DURABILITY OF COMPOSITE RESIN RESTORATIONS: FACTORS RELATED TO THE PATIENT, MATERIAL, AND PROFESSIONAL TECHNIQUE

Abstract

Introduction: Composite resin restorations are widely used in dentistry due to their satisfactory aesthetic properties, ability to adhere to tooth structure, and applicability for both anterior and posterior teeth. However, their clinical longevity depends on the interplay between factors related to the patient, the restorative material, and the technique employed by the professional. Objective: This study aimed to describe the influence of these factors on the durability of composite resin restorations. Methodology: An integrative literature review was conducted, employing a qualitative, descriptive approach. Searches were performed between September and October 2026 across the LILACS, Brazilian Bibliography of Dentistry, Virtual Health Library (VHL), SciELO, and PubMed/MEDLINE databases, with supplementary searches in Google Scholar. Articles published between 2022 and 2026, in Portuguese and English, that addressed the longevity and causes of failure of these restorations were included. Out of 43 initially selected studies, 18 were included in the review. Results: The findings indicate that caries risk, inadequate oral hygiene, xerostomia, parafunctional habits, and a higher number of restored surfaces can reduce treatment longevity. Regarding the material, "bulk-fill" resins demonstrated performance comparable to that of conventional resins, while the composition and type of filler particles influenced clinical behavior. Concerning the professional technique, key factors included the appropriate selection of the adhesive system, selective enamel etching, moisture control, proper light-curing, and occlusal adjustment. Conclusion: It is concluded that the durability of composite resin restorations is multifactorial, depending on individualized treatment planning, appropriate material selection, rigorous execution of clinical protocols, and the patient's involvement in maintaining oral health.