PRE-ANALYTICAL ERRORS IN BLOOD COLLECTION: IMPLICATIONS FOR PATIENT SAFETY AND PREVENTION STRATEGIES

Abstract

Considering that most laboratory errors occur in the pre-analytical phase (involving steps such as patient identification, collection, transport, and storage of samples), this study is justified by the need to understand their implications for patient safety and propose effective prevention strategies. The objective is to synthesize scientific evidence on the types, causes, and consequences of pre-analytical errors in blood collection, as well as to identify safe practices that minimize their occurrence. To this end, an integrative qualitative literature review was conducted based on publications from 2020 to 2025, obtained from the electronic databases and virtual libraries PubMed, SciELO, LILACS, and CAPES Periodicals, using descriptors in Portuguese, English, and Spanish. Thus, it should be noted that the main errors identified are related to hemolysis, insufficient volume, use of incorrect tubes, and patient identification failures, with multifactorial causes involving human, technical, and organizational factors. The results indicate that the standardization of protocols and SOPs, the use of quality indicators, the automation of processes, and continuing education in health are effective strategies for reducing errors and strengthening the culture of safety. It is concluded that investing in professional training and quality management is essential to ensure the reliability of laboratory results and promote safer and more efficient care.