ANALYSIS OF HANDWASHING TO REDUCE MICROORGANISM POPULATIONS IN HEALTHCARE PROFESSIONALS

Abstract

This graduation thesis thoroughly analyzes the effectiveness of handwashing in reducing the number of microorganisms among healthcare professionals, highlighting its essential role in preventing healthcare-associated infections (HAIs). The study aims to demonstrate not only the importance of this practice as a biosafety measure but also the factors that influence its adherence in daily hospital routines. A descriptive and comparative literature review was carried out, scientific articles, incluing several guidelines, and reports published, sourced from SciELO, PubMed, and Google Scholar. The analysis compared different hand hygiene techniques, including the six-step protocol recommended by the World Health Organization (WHO) and simplified methods such as alcohol-based solutions, soap, and water. Results showed that complete hygiene techniques are more effective in removing microorganisms, especially when performed for the recommended minimum duration with proper friction of all surfaces. However, practical adherence remains low, mainly due to workload, supply shortages, and the absence of frequent monitoring. The study concludes that continuous training, structured audit and feedback mechanisms, and awareness campaigns are critical to improving adherence, reducing HAIs, and strengthening patient safety and public health.