THE EFFECTIVENESS OF THE COVID-19 VACCINE AS A PROTECTIVE FACTOR AGAINST THE DEVELOPMENT OF MIS-P: A LITERATURE REVIEW

Abstract

This study aimed to examine the available evidence regarding the effectiveness of the COVID-19 vaccine as a protective factor against the development of MIS-C. The research was conducted through the Virtual Health Library (VHL) platform, including databases such as MEDLINE, BIGG–GRADE guidelines, PAHO-IRIS, BINACS, medRxiv, and LILACS, covering the period from November 2019 to February 2024. A total of 86 publications were identified, of which 36 studies were selected based on inclusion criteria. The results were organized into different categories, including epidemiological studies, systematic reviews, and case reports. Subsequently, the pathogenesis of MIS-C was discussed, addressing hypotheses regarding the disease’s underlying pathophysiology, as well as the molecular structure of vaccines and the national epidemiological panorama. The study found a dramatic reduction in rates of symptomatic SARS-CoV-2 infection following the start of the vaccination campaign, as well as a decrease in MIS-C incidence rates, with protective effectiveness against the development of this syndrome ranging from 78% to 91%. It was further observed that MIS-C can be triggered by the vaccine itself; however, the risk of this event is 2.9 per 1,000,000 children, compared with 113 per 1,000,000 children after infection.