THE ROLE OF HPV VACCINATION IN REDUCING THE INCIDENCE OF CERVICAL CANCER

Abstract

Cervical cancer remains one of the most prevalent neoplasms among Brazilian women, especially those in socioeconomically vulnerable groups. Persistent infection by high-risk types of Human Papillomavirus (HPV) is the main etiological factor, particularly types 16 and 18. The progression of HPV infection to cervical cancer is gradual and often asymptomatic, making early detection and prevention crucial. Among the main preventive strategies are the HPV vaccine and regular cytopathological screening (Pap smear), essential for identifying precursor lesions. Despite the availability of free vaccination in the Unified Health System (SUS) for adolescents aged 9 to 14, low adherence and misinformation persist as challenges. Additionally, social stigma, access difficulties, and lack of awareness contribute to the low coverage of cytopathological exams. Health education plays a fundamental role in increasing public awareness and promoting healthy practices. The effective articulation of preventive measures, vaccination campaigns, and quality care services is essential to reduce the incidence and mortality of cervical cancer in Brazil. Understanding the HPV-cervical cancer relationship enables the development of more effective policies and strategies for combating the disease, especially in populations at greatest risk.