PARASITIC DISEASES IN CHILDHOOD AND THEIR IMPACTS

Abstract

Parasitic diseases in childhood represent a significant public health problem, mainly affecting children due to their developing immune systems. Factors such as inadequate sanitation, consumption of contaminated food, and poor hygiene contribute to transmission. Common parasites like Ancylostoma duodenale, Entamoeba histolytica, and Giardia lamblia can cause health issues such as growth retardation, anemia, and immune system problems. Nurses play a crucial role in preventing these diseases, especially in schools, by promoting health education and guiding hygiene and sanitation practices. This study aimed to analyze the prevalence of these diseases in children attending schools in Nova Iguaçu, identifying risk factors and proposing prevention strategies. A mixed-methods approach was used, combining quantitative and qualitative data, collected through questionnaires applied to parents of children aged 2 to 6 years. Results showed a high prevalence of parasitic infections, with significant impacts on children's health and academic performance. The analysis revealed that, beyond healthcare infrastructure, behavioral habits like walking barefoot and improperly consuming food contribute to the spread of parasitic diseases. It concludes that to reduce the incidence of these diseases, educational strategies must be adopted, and sanitation conditions in schools and homes must be improved.