CHEMODECTOMA: LITERATURE REVIEW

Abstract

Chemodectoma is a rare primary neoplasm predominantly affecting dogs, with increased incidence in brachycephalic breeds and elderly individuals. Originating from chemoreceptor cells located at the base of the heart, particularly in the aortic body, this tumor is histologically benign but may exhibit aggressive clinical behavior due to its high vascularization and proximity to vital thoracic structures. Its development is associated with chronic hypoxia, which activates signaling pathways such as HIF1α, PI3K/Akt, and MAPK/ERK, and promotes mutations in tumor suppressor genes, leading to uncontrolled cell proliferation. Clinical signs typically emerge in advanced stages and include cough, dyspnea, weight loss, ascites, pericardial effusion, and heart failure symptoms. Diagnosis requires a multimodal approach involving imaging techniques (radiography, echocardiography, CT), cytology, histopathology, and biochemical marker analysis. Treatment options include surgery, chemotherapy, radiotherapy, and palliative care, with chemotherapy often indicated for non-resectable cases. Despite benign histology, prognosis remains poor due to risks of metastasis and thoracic compression. Early diagnosis and continuous monitoring are essential to improve survival and quality of life.Resumo em inglês. A palavra abstract em negrito.